Does the Laravel sessions table reference the users table?

Yes. The sessions table has a nullable user_id column with an index. It is not a foreign-key constraint in the default migration, so you can look up a session's user but the database does not enforce the reference.

Is personal_access_tokens created by default?

No. personal_access_tokens belongs to Laravel Sanctum. It is created only when Sanctum is installed and its migration runs.

Where is job_batches in Laravel?

job_batches is created by the default jobs migration. It stores batch id, name, job counts, failed job ids, options, cancellation time, creation time, and finish time.

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Laravel Database Schema Diagram

Q: What tables does a default Laravel installation have?

The default Laravel 13 migrations create users, password_reset_tokens, sessions, cache, cache_locks, jobs, job_batches, and failed_jobs tables.

A fresh Laravel 13 application ships with eight framework tables created by the default migrations: users, password_reset_tokens, sessions, cache, cache_locks, jobs, job_batches, and failed_jobs. This diagram shows the full default schema - the users table with password and remember_token columns, the sessions table with its user_id index, and the queue tables that track jobs and batches.

Written by Varun Krishnan · Founder, dbdiagramr

Published Aug 2, 2026 · Updated Oct 23, 2026

Source: Laravel v13.11.0 default migrations (laravel/laravel) · License: MIT

Tables

Core table

users

Framework

Laravel 13.11.0

Default migrations from laravel/laravel v13.11.0, released 2026-10-06.

Package tables such as Sanctum personal_access_tokens and optional Artisan-generated tables are not part of the framework defaults. default migrations.

Laravel database schema diagram showing every table, column, and foreign key

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Tables in the Laravel schema

Column	Type	Nullable	Key
users
id	bigint	No	PK
name	varchar	No	-
email	varchar	No	-
email_verified_at	timestamp	Yes	-
password	varchar	No	-
remember_token	varchar(100)	Yes	-
created_at	timestamp	Yes	-
updated_at	timestamp	Yes	-
password_reset_tokens
email	varchar	No	PK
token	varchar	No	-
created_at	timestamp	Yes	-
sessions
id	varchar	No	PK
user_id	bigint	Yes	-
ip_address	varchar(45)	Yes	-
user_agent	text	Yes	-
payload	text	No	-
last_activity	integer	No	-
jobs
id	bigint	No	PK
queue	varchar	No	-
payload	text	No	-
attempts	smallint	No	-
reserved_at	integer	Yes	-
available_at	integer	No	-
created_at	integer	No	-
job_batches
id	varchar	No	PK
name	varchar	No	-
total_jobs	integer	No	-
pending_jobs	integer	No	-
failed_jobs	integer	No	-
failed_job_ids	text	No	-
options	text	Yes	-
cancelled_at	integer	Yes	-
created_at	integer	No	-
finished_at	integer	Yes	-
failed_jobs
id	bigint	No	PK
uuid	varchar	No	-
connection	varchar	No	-
queue	varchar	No	-
payload	text	No	-
exception	text	No	-
failed_at	timestamp	No	-
cache
key	varchar	No	PK
value	text	No	-
expiration	bigint	No	-
cache_locks
key	varchar	No	PK
owner	varchar	No	-
expiration	bigint	No	-

Common queries

These PostgreSQL queries run against the schema shown on this page.

Queue backlog

Count waiting jobs by queue name.

select queue, count(*) as jobs
from jobs
group by queue
order by jobs desc, queue;

Failed job history

List failed jobs newest first.

select id, connection, queue, failed_at
from failed_jobs
order by failed_at desc;

Sessions per user

Count database sessions for each user.

select u.email, count(s.id) as sessions
from users u
left join sessions s on s.user_id = u.id
group by u.id, u.email
order by sessions desc, u.email;

Cache entries

Inspect stored cache keys and expiry timestamps.

select key, expiration
from cache
order by expiration, key;

What each default Laravel table does

The default migrations are split by purpose. The first file creates authentication and session storage; the second creates the cache; the third creates queue tracking.

Table	Purpose
`users`	Application accounts: name, unique email, password hash, verification timestamp, and remember token.
`password_reset_tokens`	One row per email address requesting a reset, keyed by email, with the hashed token and creation time.
`sessions`	Server-side session payloads keyed by a string session id, with an indexed `user_id`, IP address, user agent, and last activity time.
`cache` / `cache_locks`	Database cache values and locks, keyed by cache key, with expiration timestamps.
`jobs`	Queued jobs waiting to run, with queue name, payload, attempts, reservation time, and availability time.
`job_batches`	Batch metadata: total, pending, and failed counts, failed job ids, options, cancellation, creation, and finish times.
`failed_jobs`	Jobs that exhausted their attempts, with connection, queue, payload, exception, and failure time.

The sessions.user_id column is indexed but is not declared as a foreign key in the default migration. That keeps the session table usable when users are deleted or when the session driver runs without a users table.

Default tables vs package tables

Only the eight tables above come from a fresh laravel/laravel install. Other common tables arrive with packages or optional Artisan commands:

personal_access_tokens comes from Laravel Sanctum, not the framework skeleton.
password_resets is the old pre-Laravel 8 name. Current applications use password_reset_tokens.
Older tutorials call the queue batch table batches; the current default migration creates job_batches.
Redis can replace the database drivers for sessions, cache, and queues, in which case those tables may exist but go unused.

The source for this page is the Laravel 13 default migrations.